The Ideology of Western Science

Abstract

This article explores the dialectical relationship between science and ideology within the intellectual framework of modernity and argues that scientific knowledge does not develop solely through internal methodological dynamics, but is deeply shaped by social, political, economic, and ideological conditions. By tracing the historical emergence of the history of science and examining debates between internalist and externalist perspectives, the study highlights how epistemic frameworks are influenced by broader cultural and ideological structures. Moreover, the paper analyzes the impact of modern materialist paradigms on both the natural and human sciences, emphasizing how the extension of experimental methodology to the study of human beings has often led to reductionist interpretations. It contends that modern Western rationality, while placing the human being at the center of knowledge, paradoxically contributes to his conceptual marginalization. The study concludes that science and ideology exist in a dynamic and evolving interaction, and that understanding this relationship is crucial for critically evaluating the limits, assumptions, and social functions of neoteric scientific knowledge.